11 The Office of the Civil Service Commission. (2023). Senior Executive System. Available at https://www.ocsc.go.th/ses#gsc.tab=0SES Pre-Service Training Programs The OCSC establishes a higher level of training curriculum standards for executives in 2007. The standard framework has been conducted for preparing high-level executive training courses. Passing the training course conducted by the OCSC or other comparable courses is one of the important qualifications of senior executives. There are two models for SES Pre-Service Training Programs.nominate an appropriate person. It could be noted that the committee-based selection is only employed for the SES in level 9 and level 10 selection process. For the SES in level 11, the highest senior executives which includes head of a government agency at the ministry level and head of a government agency at the departmental level under the supervision directly to the Prime Minister or to the minister, is directly selected by the permanent secretary or by the minister. To maintain the principle of political neutrality in the SES recruitment and selection process is still questioning for the Thai public sector. However, in accrediting the course, the OCSC consider 11 elements of the curriculum including the name of the course, philosophy and concept, objectives, qualifications of civil servants who are eligible to apply for the high-level executive training program, course management, expected results, operating budget, course content, duration of training program, extracurricular development programs, and training completion criteria. The duration of the training throughout the course will be considered Senior Executive Development Senior executives are a group of civil servants who play a vital role in driving government policies and strategies to achieve practical results. Therefore, the development of senior executives is focusing on enhancing the executives to have competencies that fit with the current context and to keep up with future changes. There are two models for senior executive development which are pre-service training and post-service training11. Model 1: Senior executive development course conducted by the OCSC namely the Senior Executive Development Program (Nor Bor Sor): Leaders with Vision and Morality. This program has two main objectives. The first objective is to prepare candidates for managerial or equivalent positions to be able to perform their duties in such position effectively by organizing learning in various forms to encourage their skills in terms of self and people management skills, visioning and change management, and results- based management. The second one is to develop leadership skills for life and work in a changing environment by focusing on decision making, communication, coordination, adaptability, flexibility, service mind and resource management. The development process could be divided into 4 phases: 1) orientation and personality assessment, including thinking process development, planning for group study reports and self-development planning practice, and development of leadership and executive networks; 2) main modules training period, focusing on extending the executive competencies from leaning, experiences and practices; 3) a study visit in the country and foreign countries; and 4) closing and farewell session. Model 2: Senior executive development course operated by other government agencies. Developing high-level executives with maximum efficiency, the Office of the Civil Service Commission is not the only agency that develops high-level executives before entering a managerial position. Other government agencies are able to arrange courses for senior executive development. According to the letter of the OCSC 1013.1/253 on 7 December 2016 regarding to the standard framework for a high-level executive course (2016 edition), the OCSC has a resolution for government agencies to adopt the standard framework for training courses which provides a guideline for the agencies to organize high-level executive training courses with the concept of ‘leaders with vision and morality’.151
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