III� Brief Overview of DigitalizationIV� The Development of Digitalization Roadmap in the Civil Service Digitalization refers to enabling or improving processes by leveraging digital technologies and digitized data (Gupta, 2020). It entails the transformation of analog processes into digital processes, thus it “presumes digitization” or the transformation of analog data into digitized format including storage and transfer of digitized data (Gupta, 2020). Simply put, it transforms the old ways of doing things, for instance, using spreadsheets to prepare reports, into digital processes like automation or using computer software to prepare reports. Digitalization of processes offers certain benefits such as streamlining of processes which in turn improves efficiency and productivity in the workplace. Efficiently streamlined processes enhance customer satisfaction, increase profit to the company and generate good impression on the company. Unlike analog data, digital information can be easily stored and transferred and does not a large space for storage which enables the company to save on cost. Governments introduce digital technologies in service delivery to achieve the following: • Better online user experiences for citizens.• • • Less burden on IT (when delivered with cloud-based technologies).• Better collaboration among departments.• Reduced labor costs.• More innovation (https://granicus.com/dictionary/digital-government-services/) The adoption of a new program or project that is introduced in an organization follows a certain gestation period to take root, develop and mature. However, the onslaught of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) globally at its peak in 2020-2021 undoubtedly compelled the concerned governments around the world to fast-track the adoption and implementation of digital transformation of their systems and processes. When affected governments imposed lockdowns to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus, they needed to transition immediately from face-to-face to online platforms to hold meetings among policymakers, implementers and partners and continue with service delivery especially those that were designed to address the health issues posed by the pandemic. The significant contribution of digital technology especially during the pandemic was not lost to civil servants who when discussing civil service reforms will certainly “will be more open to adopting technologies to support civil service modernization activities (Kerr and Khatiwada, 2021: 3). Embracing the opportunities and challenges on decision- and policy-making, service delivery, customer satisfaction posed by the 21st century, the Philippines has started the digitalization program from way back in 1970 according to the Philippine Digital Justice System, but for Treceñe, it began in 1992. Both the Philippine Digital Justice System and Treceñe mapped out in their respective papers the development of digitalization in the civil service through successive terms of the Philippine Presidents. Treceñe reviewed and analyzed six strategic, namely: a) National Information Technology Plan for the 21st Century (1997) 1992 – 1998, b) e-Philippines Strategy Government Information Systems Plan (2000) 1998 – 2001, c) Philippine ICT roadmap 2006 – 2010, d) Philippine Digital Strategy of 2011-2016, e) Philippine e-Government Master plan of 2012, and the current f) Philippine digital transformation strategy 2022 (2021: 1) (see Figure 1). The strategic plans focused on the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure development, transforming the government’s operations and policies online, direct digital engagement among citizens, ICT policies and laws, and bridging digital gaps (Treceñe, 2021: 1).Increased public participation.Improved internal efficiency and productivity.179
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