9 The opposition Democratic Party of Japan objected to the regulation of contact between politicians and public officials, but an agreement was reached in the form of disclosure of information on contact, and the basic Act was passed.18(2) Review of basic labor rights under the DPJ government The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) government, which came to power in 2009 with labor unions as its support base, (3) Establishment of the Cabinet Bureau of Personnel Affairs and the centralized management of executive officials Since 2012, the second Abe administration has focused on restructuring the public service system for political leadership: in 2014, the National Public Service Act was revised to institutionalize the Cabinet Bureau of Personnel Affairs, which serves as the strategic center for the personnel management of national public employees, and the centralized management of executive officials. This was truly a reform that changed the relationship between politicians and public employees.(4) Fostering Courses for Executive Candidates Another centerpiece of the 2014 revision of the National Public Service Act is the establishment of a new fostering course for executive candidates, which will replace the existing career system. While the recruitment examination system actively worked to restore the basic labor rights of public employees on the basis of the Basic Act. reform, and the remunerations recommendation system has continued to this day. However, the bill to amend the National Public Service Act, which would abolish the NPA and create a new system for determining the remuneration of public employees through collective bargaining, was not passed. The amendment bill was submitted to the Diet in combination with a special measures bill to cut salaries by an average of 7.8% for two years starting in FY2012 under the guise of “for reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011”, but only the salary cut bill was enacted. The reasons were: the communist-affiliated labor unions strongly opposed the attempt to restore basic labor rights in combination with the salary cut; some people, such as municipal mayors, opposed the abolition of the NPA recommendations, which would make collective bargaining much tougher; and the general public had little interest in the basic labor rights of public employees; the management of the Diet became more difficult as the popularity of the DPJ government declined. Later, when the LDP government returned in 2012, the revision of basic labor rights was no longer the main theme of The centralized management of executive officials is intended to correct the adverse effects of sectionalism caused by decentralized personnel management at the ministry level and to ensure political leadership centered on the Prime Minister’s Office by managing all executive officials at the deputy director general level and above under the leadership of the Chief Cabinet Secretary. Specifically, (i) the Chief Cabinet Secretary conducts an aptitude screening on candidates recommended by ministers based on their personnel evaluations to determine whether or not they are capable of performing the standard duties of executive officials; (ii) those who pass the screening are placed on a list of candidates for senior positions; and (iii) the Prime Minister, the Chief Cabinet Secretary and a Minister who is the appointer, shall consult with each other and decide on the appointment and dismissal of executive officials by selecting suitable candidates from the list. This system is unique in that it allows the Prime Minister’s Office to be directly involved in the appointment of executive officials who are not political appointees10. The criteria used by the Chief Cabinet Secretary to determine eligibility are abstract and lacked specificity11. As the second Abe administration became a long-term government, public employees have been criticized for fearing the Prime Minister’s Office and trying to cater to its wishes.
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