This section will use both papers as references and will try to come up with a cohesive or unified discussion on the significant developments in the journey of digitization in the public sector. Source: UNESCAP and APCiCT, 2019:4The Marcos and Aquino Administrations The Philippine Digital Justice Initiative stated that the development of the digitalization program started way back during the time of President Ferdinand Marcos, Sr. when he established the National Computer Center in 1971 and mandated it to spearhead the automation of government works. However, the formulation and implementation of policies, plans, roadmaps, strategies started during the administration of President Corazon Aquino in 1986-1992 and continued in the succeeding administrations. To underscore the importance of communication information and technology in the civil service, a pertinent provision on the subject matter was included in the 1987 Philippine Constitution which states that, “The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-building” (Section 24, Article 2). The Ramos Administration The first national plan to map out the digital transformation in the country was called the National Information Technology Plan for the 21st Century (1997) 1992-1998 which was formulated during the administration of President Fidel Ramos. The Plan had two major objectives, namely, “(1) to provide access to Information Technology (IT) to every business, government agency, school, and residences in the Philippines by the year 2000 and (2) for the Philippines to become the Knowledge Centre of Asia by 2010” (National Information Technology Council (NITC, 1997 in Philippine Digital Justice System, 2021: 9). The other objectives of the Plan included streamlining of government work processes and promotion of a strong economy. To achieve these goals, the government needed to set up a nationwide information infrastructure highway to boost the internet connectivity, create a conducive policy environment by passing national laws and issuance of national policies as necessary, introduce institutional reforms, develop IT-savvy manpower, and encourage the business sector to produce IT related products. The Estrada Administration The second national plan called the e-Philippines Strategy Government Information Systems Plan (2000) 1998 – 2001) was prepared by the National Information Technology Council (NITC) during the administration of President Joseh Estrada. According to the Plan, the government envisioned to transform the core government processes from analog to digital in five to 180
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