1Step2Step3Step1Step2Step3StepAB44C14165211416521Category34530032Salary Index36434537932Salary Index308318331Grade32Salary Index42641039444332Salary Index3693589834410380727428426529546147940739365Salary Index321307335Source: (RGC 2014b) 43Salary Index51349653155043Salary Index43642143453247013523703904 For instance, - - - - -(MCS) has played the key role. MCS has just been established in 2013 through the trend of public administrative reform by amalgamating the three institutions such as the Council for Administrative Reform (CAR), the State Secretariat for Civil Service (SSCS), and the Royal School of Administration (RSA). There are two key missions of MCS (RGC 2014a) which include (1) to lead, manage, and develop the civil service in Cambodia in response to the needs of national and regional development but in line with international standard; and (2) to make the public administration become a more responsive, effective, efficient, and reliable public service provider.Before and after the establishment of MCS, there are also other supporting regulations that provide specific details and processes for Cambodia’s personnel administration4. However, the implementation of civil service law and its relevant regulations seems to have limited monitoring and evaluation which may reflect the effectiveness of its enforcement.Cambodia’s civil service is seen to adopt career system as influenced by the French legal system, but through the trend of public administrative reform from 2000s, there seems to include some components of employment system (which will be discussed in the next section on public administrative reform). Civil servants in Cambodia are grouped into different civil service bodies based on their level of education, which are ruled by their particular statutes, such as the administrators, diplomats, teachers, doctors and technicians and so on. According to the 2014 General Principle of Civil Service Organization (RGC 2014b), each body of civil servants is ranked into three categories (A, B and C) and in compliance with the minimum education requirement for each respective body. For instance, category A requires minimum education of bachelor degree, category B requires minimum education of associate degree, and for category C, the minimum education requirement is high school. Also, each category is subdivided into grades, and each grade is subdivided into steps, except for category C, there is no grade but consists of 10 steps (see table 1). To be specific, category A is subdivided into three grades such as A1 (A1.1-A1.6), A2 (A2.1-A2.4), and A3 (A3.1-A3.4); and -44Royal Kram 06/NS/94, dated 30 October 1994, on the Promulgation of the Law on the Common Statute of Civil ServantsRoyal Decree NS/RKT/1014/1175 dated 2 Oct 2014 on the General Principles of the Organization of the State Civil Service;Royal decree NS/RKT/0416/373 dated 04 Apr 2016 on particular statute for sub national administration civil servant;Sub-Decree No.116/ANKR.BK dated 19 Oct 1995 on the Legal Framework of Leave without Pay;Sub-Decree No.114/ANKR.BK dated 7 Sept 2015 on determination structural management and positions within structural management of sub-national and national ministries/institutions;Sub-decree no.56/ANKR.BK dated 01 Apr 2016 on attendance management of civil servants and contractual staff;Table 1: Categories, Grades and Steps of Civil Servants
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