It is also noted that over the last ten years from 2003 to 2016, the number of civil servants had slightly increased which is believed to be the result of rigid control over the recruited number of new civil servants. For instance, according to the Ministry of Civil Service’s payroll (MCS 2016b), the number of Cambodia’s civil servants was totalled around 184,609 in 2016 (see figure 2) which is seen to have slightly increased from 166,872 in 2003 (Taliercio 2004). In such figure, the increasing rate was less than 10 percent over the last ten years. However, if we look at the figure of total civil servants in 2021, there are total of 214,038 civil servants across categories (A, B, C) at both national and subnational level (MCS 2021) (see figure 2.1), which shows dramatic increase around 16 percent in just only over the last 5 years (from 2016 to 2021). By January 2023, the total number of civil servants is around 218,046, which include 42,418 of national and 175,628 of subnational. For 2023, the number of civil servants in category C remains high at total of 76,207, and followed by category B (74,047) and category A (67,792). (MCS 2023a)Within the total figure of civil servants, the number of teachers in education sector is seen to account for more than 60 percent, and the number of civil servants who are working at the sub-national level accounts for more than 80 percent (see figure 3 and 3.1). Even though, the total number of civil servants in 2021 and 2023 has increased, the percentage of civil servants who are working at the sub-national level remains high at more than 80 percent (MCS 2021; MCS 2023a).46Figure 2: Civil Servants by Categories in 2016Figure 2.1: Civil Servants by Categories in 2021Source: MCS(2016b) Source: MCS(2021)
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