civil service positions. Each of these civil servant positions has different functions and duties. Administration of public services, government, and development are among the responsibilities of administrative positions; Functional positions have responsibilities and tasks connected to functional services based on specific abilities and expertise; and high leadership positions have the function of leading and motivating each ASN employee through pioneering in the field (professional expertise, policy analysis, and recommendations, management leadership), fostering collaboration with other agencies, exemplifying the ASN core values, and applying the code of ethics ASN and code of conduct. The types and levels of ASN positions can be seen in Chart 1. Formulating administrative positions consisting of administrators, supervisors, and executors is increasingly receiving ineffective assessments because the bureaucratic span is too long. This affects the decision-making process, which takes too long. A bureaucratic structure that is too fat with a long span causes miscommunication and miscoordination. Bureaucratic work becomes slow and inflexible. In addition, there are indications of a corruptive culture that utilizes and abuses positions. President Joko Widodo directed the simplification of the bureaucracy to two echelon levels in his inaugural speech as President of the Republic of Indonesia 2019-2024. The president substituted Functional Positions (Jabatan Fungsional/JF), which emphasize expertise and competence, for Administrator (Echelon III) and Supervisor (Echelon IV) positions (Bramantyo & Mardjoeki, 2020). As a result, the government issued Minister of State Administration and Bureaucratic Reform Regulation Number 25 of 2021 concerning the simplification of organizational structure in government agencies for bureaucratic simplification through the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform. In both central and local agencies, simplification is accomplished through streamlining organizational structures, equating positions, and adjusting work processes. By taking into account the requirements for simplified and retained administrative positions in organizational units, the echelon III, echelon IV, and echelon V structural positions are eliminated, simplifying the organizational structure. In order to equalize roles, administrative officials are appointed into functional positions by making adjustments to equivalent functional positions.70Source: Law Number 5 of 2014 concerning the State Civil Apparatus ManagementFigure 2. Types and Levels of State Civil Apparatus
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