Overview of Lao PDR Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), commonly known as Laos, is a country located in Southeast Asia. It shares borders with Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, Thailand to the west, Myanmar (Burma) to the northwest, and China to the north. The Mekong River also forms a significant part of Laos’ western boundary with Thailand. With an area of approximately 236,800 square kilometers, Lao PDR has a population of around 7.4 million people (as of 2022). Vientiane is the capital and largest city of the country.Structure of Government The structure of Government of Lao PDR consists of the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministers and Chairmen of the ministry-equivalent organizations. The structure of the Government of Lao PDR at the moment consists of 15 ministries and 02 Ministry-equivalent organizations.CHAPTER 01: Overview of Lao PDR and Government Structure Lao PDR has a diverse ethnic makeup with 50 ethnic groups across the countries. The majority of population is Lao ethnic which accounts for 55 percent of the whole population. About 11 percent are Khmou, 8 percent Hmong, and the rest are other ethnic groups including Akha, Singsil, Lue, Lamed, Tai, Katu, Triang and Harak, Oy and Brao (Laos population census 2022, National Statistics Bureau of Lao PDR). The economy is predominantly based on agriculture, with the majority of the population engaged in subsistence farming. Agriculture contributes to the country’s export earnings, with key crops including rice, coffee, tea, and rubber. Additionally, hydropower generation, mining, and tourism are significant contributors to the economy. The country is known for its rich natural beauty and cultural heritage. The country is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the town of Luang Prabang, Vat Phou and associated ancient settlements, and the Plain of Jars. Tourists visit Lao PDR to explore its lush landscapes, historic temples, and experience its unique local traditions and festivals. However, Lao PDR still faces various challenges, including limited infrastructure development, poverty, and inadequate access to healthcare and education services in rural areas. The government is working towards addressing these issues through ongoing development initiatives and economic reforms. The government’s policies prioritize poverty reduction, sustainable development, and social welfare. While there have been efforts to promote economic liberalization and attract foreign investment, the government maintains control over key sectors of the economy.86
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